Manakiki is a Donald Ross design that opened in 1928 (some accounts say 1929) as a private country club on what had been a Hanna family summer estate, with the mansion expanded into the clubhouse. The private club barred African Americans, and in 1956 a court ruling ordered both Manakiki and Sleepy Hollow in Brecksville, two clubs on Cleveland Metroparks land, to desegregate. Metroparks had bought the property in the 1940s for one dollar on the condition that it always remain a golf course. When the club's lease ended, Manakiki opened to the public on January 1, 1961. The name is believed to come from a Native American word for maple forest. A 1990 master plan began restoring much of Ross's original character.